Facts and Characteristics of the Caspian Tiger

Realities and Characteristics of the Caspian Tiger One of three subspecies of Eurasian tiger to go wiped out inside the only remaining century, the other two are the Bali Tiger and the Javan Tiger, the Caspian Tiger once wandered enormous areas of domain in focal Asia, including Iran, Turkey, the Caucasus, and the - stan regions flanking Russia (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and so forth.). A particularly hearty individual from the Panthera tigris family, the biggest guys moved toward 500 pounds, the Caspian Tiger was pursued pitilessly during the late nineteenth and mid twentieth hundreds of years, particularly by the Russian government, which put an abundance on this brute in a blundering exertion to recover farmlands circumscribing the Caspian Sea. For what reason Did the Caspian Tiger Go Extinct? There are a couple of reasons, other than tireless chasing, why the Caspian Tiger went wiped out. Initially, human development infringed cruelly on the Caspian Tigers living space, changing over its properties into cotton fields and in any event, circling streets and parkways through it delicate natural surroundings. Second, the Caspian Tiger capitulated to the steady annihilation of its preferred prey, wild pigs, which were additionally pursued by people, just as falling prey to different sicknesses and dying in floods and timberland fires (which developed progressively visit with changes in nature). What's more, third, the Caspian Tiger was at that point basically on the verge, limited to such a little scope of region, in such decreasing numbers, that for all intents and purposes any change would have tipped it unyieldingly toward elimination. An odd aspect concerning the eradication of the Caspian Tiger is that it happened actually while the world was viewing: different people were pursued kicked the bucket and were recorded by naturalists, by the news media, and by the trackers themselves, over the span of the mid twentieth century. The rundown makes for discouraging perusing: Mosul, in what is currently the nation of Iraq, in 1887; the Caucasus Mountains, in the south of Russia, in 1922; Irans Golestan Province in 1953 (after which, past the point of no return, Iran made chasing the Caspian Tiger illicit); Turkmenistan, a Soviet republic, in 1954; and a modest community in Turkey as late as 1970 (in spite of the fact that this last locating is ineffectively reported). Affirmed Sightings In spite of the fact that its generally viewed as a wiped out species, there have been various, unverified sightings of the Caspian Tiger in the course of recent decades. All the more enthusiastically, hereditary examination has indicated that the Caspian Tiger may have veered from a populace of (still surviving) Siberian Tigers as of late as 100 years back and that these two tiger subspecies may even have been indeed the very same creature. On the off chance that this ends up being the situation, it might be conceivable to revive the Caspian Tiger by as basic a catalyst as re-acquainting the Siberian Tiger with its once-local terrains of focal Asia, an undertaking that has been declared (however not yet completely actualized) by Russia and Iran, and which falls under the general classification of de-termination.

Topics in Physical Chemistry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Subjects in Physical Chemistry - Essay Example The comprehension of concoction harmony has additionally progressed by various research concentrates subsequently bringing new information. Through investigation of various examinations on the theme, this paper presents flow concentrate from peer evaluated diaries and how research advance the investigations in synthetic harmony and its application. The utilization of PC recreations in the investigation of basic and long chain substance responses has likewise beenexplored. At last, the paper investigates the law of thermodynamics and how it applies to synthetic harmony. Presentation Chemical responses include reactants and interfacing under specific conditions to deliver an item. It alludes to the way toward changing a lot of synthetic mixes or substances to another or others with entirely unexpected personalities. It includes the progressions of the situation of electrons with respect to development or breaking of the bonds while the first components consistently continue as before. Since there is no adjustment in the first components present, a concoction response can generally be spoken to by a condition. Reagents or reactants are the underlying substances that take an interest in a concoction response in this way during a synthetic response, there is constantly a change. This is on the grounds that the new items show various properties. New items may have contrasts with respect to physical, organic or compound properties relying upon the idea of concoction response. Synthetic response condition must have the beginning materials (reactants), conditions for response, middle of the road items lastly the finished results. In any case, there are sure synthetic responses that are basic and don't have to go through the halfway item so as to get to the last item. In a substance condition, we may have two unique sorts of synthetic response also. Compound response that happens as indicated by focus and temperature at a particular rate is called non unconstrained while one that require no different conditions aside from warm vitality is known as unconstrained. This rule shapes the premise of ascertaining the pace of response just as overseeing it. In this regard, non unconstrained response is extremely moderate and along these lines requires an extra vitality or impetus to expand its rate. Goal of the Study The target of this investigation is to investigate distinctive writing and investigate the present examinations in compound harmony. This paper targets investigating concentrates in scholarly diaries principally concentrating on harmony steady and its application in various ventures. Substance Reaction Chemical responses can be very much represented by concoction conditions. Substance conditions comprise of at least two reactants on the left side and the resultant results of that specific response on the correct side. A bolt at the center of the condition consistently speaks to the course of response which can be either to one side or to one s ide contingent upon the conditions. It is in this manner essential to take note of that most synthetic responses are reversible responses. This is regularly spoken to by a twofold bolt which focuses on the two sides. The significance of this is items can likewise deliver reactants relying upon the focuses and certain conditions. aA + bB cC + dD Irreversible responses aA + bB cC + dD Reversible responses The above conditions shows the fundamental standard of a concoction response where An and B substances respond to deliver C and D substances. Be that as it may, a, b, c and d

20 Great Essay Collections from 2017

20 Great Essay Collections from 2017 Essay collections are perfect for filling bits of time when you need something to read but dont want to settle into anything long. I am almost always in the middle of a collection, and it doesnt matter in the least if I take a long time to finish it. They are perfect for dipping into, for trying out, for reading at whim. 2017 is a great year for essays. The 20 collections featured below give you a taste of the kind of material available: there are books about what its like to live in Trumps America, about being a woman today, about living in the age of Black Lives Matter. You will also find collections about art and literature and about the ups and downs of everyday life. Some collections contain all of the above. The richness and variety of essays available today is overwhelming, in the best possible way. So check out this list of 20 of the years best collections and see if something catches your interest. Caca Dolce: Essays from a Lowbrow Life by Chelsea Martin These essays chart Chelsea Martins life from her girlhood into her early adult years. They are personal, revealing, funny, and wince-inducing all at once. Martin grew up poor in a poor California town, and here she lays it all out: her struggles with family, love, sex, money, illness, and more. This is a quick read, and one that will stay with you. Nasty Women: Feminism, Resistance, and Revolution in Trumps America, edited by Samhita Mukhopadhyay and Kate Harding Rebecca Solnit, Cheryl Strayed, Samantha Irby, Katha Pollitt, and Nicole Chung are among the 23 women writers in this collection about living in Trumps America. This is an essential book for those who want to think about how our country ended up where it is and how we move forward. Would Everybody Please Stop: Reflections on Life and other bad ideas by Jenny Allen Here you will find 35 short pieces by a humor writer and performer who can bring out the comedy of everyday life. Allen mixes comedic pieces with more serious essays on illness, motherhood, and single life after decades of being in a relationship. This is a book for when you want to laugh and then sigh with rueful recognition. Policing the Black Man: Arrest, Prosecution, and Imprisonment Edited by Angela J. Davis Authors included in this anthology are Bryan Stevenson, Sherrilyn Ifill, Jeremy Travis, and more. Its a look at issues surrounding the Black Lives Matter movement and the ways the criminal justice system affects black boys and men. Its one of a large group of books out this year that help explain the impact of racism on black Americans and on the culture at large. We Are Never Meeting in Real Life by Samantha Irby Irby’s previous essay collection Meaty was hilarious. Here is her follow-up, with more of what she is so good at: comic personal essays on the trials and tribulations of contemporary life. The essays will move you and entertain you both. The Hidden Machinery: essays on Writing by Margo Livesey This collection is for writers and those who like to read about books and writing. Its part a study of literature, part writing class, and part memoir. You can read Liveseys thoughts on Flaubert and Austen and learn her thoughts on how to create characters and how to write dialogue. Livesey is a beloved writing teacher sharing the wisdom gained by years of teaching. The Wrong Way to Save Your life: Essays by Megan Stielstra Here you will find personal essays that cover a range of topics: motherhood, education, art, academia, the internet, and more. Its personal, smart, moving, and funny, the kind of book that will make you think and feel both, and where the writer feels like shes keeping you company while you read. Too Fat, Too Slutty, Too Loud: The Rise and Reign of the Unruly Woman By Anne Helen Peterson In a similar vein as Sady Doyles great 2016 book Trainwreck, this collection looks at women in the public eye. Analyzing figures such as Lena Dunham, Nicki Minaj, and Kim Kardashian, Peterson discusses why we love to hate these powerful, controversial women and what our obsession with celebrity tells us about who we are. Guidebook to Relative Strangers: Journeys Into Race, Motherhood, and History by Camille T. Dungy Camille Dungy covers a broad range of topics: traveling as a mother, working in the literary world as a woman of color, hiking, visiting slave-trading ports in Ghana, watching her daughter learn language. In every essay, Dungy is incisive and revealing, both of her own experience and of the state of the world as she sees it. Browse: The World in Bookshops Edited by Henry Hitchings This one is for bookshop lovers and those who love to read about books (as I do!). Here you will find 15 essays on the significance, function, pleasures, and possibilities of bookstores from around the world. Contributors include Alaa Al Aswany, Michael Dirda, Yiyun Li, Elif Shafak, Ali Smith, and more. We Were Eight Years in POwer by Ta-Nehisi Coates A new book by Ta-Nehisi Coates is always an exciting event, and here he is writing about the Obama years. This collection contains work that appeared in magazines to great acclaim and much discussion such as Fear of a Black President, and The Case for Reparations. It contains eight new essays as well, each of which covers a year of the Obama administration. They Cant Kill Us Until They Kill Us by Hanif Willis-Abdurraqib These are essays about music, but also about culture, race, and life in America today. Willis-Abdurraqib writes about attending a Bruce Springsteen concert the day after visiting Michael Browns grave, what it was like growing up in America in the 1990s, the first time he was thrown on the ground by police officers, and much more. The Origin of Others by Toni Morrison These essays began as lectures. They cover history, politics, and literature, including an examination of authors such as Harriet Beecher Stowe, William Faulkner, and Flannery OConnor. Any book by Toni Morrison is an essential one, and here she delivers the incisive observations about race and American culture we have come to expect from her. Sunshine State by Sarah Gerard Like many on this list, Sarah Gerards collection has a lot to tell us about America. She focuses on Florida and from there moves into the personal, and into politics, the economy, and the environment. The essays are a mix of reporting, memoir, and cultural critique. Somebody with a little hammer: Essays by Mary Gaitskill Mary Gaitskill is known for her novels Veronica, Two Girls Fat and Thin, and others, and now we have her first essay collection. These pieces were written over the course of a couple decades and cover a range of topics including books and authors; musicians, artists, and celebrities; and cultural and political movements and debates. Bitch Doctrine: Essays for Dissenting Adults by Laurie Penny Heres a collection for anyone who wants to read a series of smart, provocative essays on feminism today, including subjects such as the 2016 election, online harassment, being a woman writer, transgender rights, and more. Laurie Penny makes a fiercely intelligent companion in our quest to understand feminism and contemporary culture. Women Writing Resistance: Essays on Latin America and the Caribbean Edited by Jennifer Browdy This collection contains the work of 16 writers including Julia Alvarez, Edwidge Danticat, Jamaica Kincaid, Gloria Anzaldua, and more. It contains both poetry and essays on the topic of resistance: how women can collaborate across race and class boundaries to fight patriarchy and white supremacy. Too Much and Not the MOod by Durga Chew-Bose Full of examples of what gets called the lyric essay, this book is varied in subject matter and beautifully written. It opens with a long essay called Heart Museum that takes us into Chew-Boses life and around the world, and from there moves to shorter essays on family, identity, race, and culture. Everwhere Home: A Life in Essays by Fenton Johnson Fenton Johnsons subjects include sexuality, religion, art, basketball, and more. The essays are also about travel: he wanders from Kentucky to San Francisco to Paris to Calcutta. Its a collection of pieces that appeared in places like Harpers as well as new work. One Day Well All Be Dead and None of This Will matter by Scaachi Koul If you’re in the mood for some humorous essays, this is the book for you: a debut collection that touches on race and culture, gender roles, parents, the internet, and more. She will make you laugh as she tells personal stories and analyzes what its like to grow up shaped by two cultures, Western (Canadian) and Indian.

The Declaration Of Human Rights - 2066 Words

When a lot of people are murdered, kidnapped, robbed or imprisoned, it is very easy to point fingers when citizens are asked why their lives are the way they are. In Venezuela, all of these things happen, and everyone has the same answer when they are asked that question: â€Å"Thanks to the government†. According to a Washington Post article published in 2009, there are about 40 political prisoners in Venezuela. These prisoners vary from students who protested in marches to mid-aged men who criticized the government of Hugo Chavez. But they all have one thing in common, they wanted a change. They spoke their opinions, and were punished for it. Physically punished. According to a Reuters article â€Å"The Committee Against Torture said complaints included reports of beatings, burnings and electric shocks in efforts to obtain confessions†. In Venezuela, there are many different violations of the 30 articles addressed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. But I w ill specifically address Article 3: â€Å"Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person†. Article 5: â€Å"No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment†. And Article 9: â€Å"No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile†. I will address the unfair imprisonment of Leopoldo Lopez, a candidate for president who went to jail for â€Å"disrupting the peace† and the unfair imprisonment of my friend Marco Coello, who was put in jail and was tortured forShow MoreRelatedThe Declaration Of Human Rights1219 Words   |  5 Pagescondition of current times. The universal declaration of human rights is an international document that states basic rights and fundamental freedoms to which all human beings are entitled (Commission, n.d.). As it is not a treaty, the declaration of human rights is not legally binding but rather used as an outline for UN nations to create just laws. Aust ralia was one of the original nations working on the declaration in 1945 and has continued supporting the declaration to this date. The Dangerous PrisonersRead MoreThe Declaration Of Human Rights1033 Words   |  5 PagesThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights which consist of 30 articles; these are often violated. These are 30 articles outline the basic human rights which should be granted to every person. Each of these articles is crucial to basic humanity, however, I believe that there are three articles which are more than essential. The rest of the articles are dependent on these three articles to be able to be effectively applied. Presently, human rights are described as rights which every human should be grantedRead MoreThe Declaration Of Human Rights1590 Words   |  7 PagesA human right is a right that is believed to justifiably belong to every person. A violation of these rights can result in punishment for your violation from the United Nations. After their Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, a premise was now set about what was considered a violation of human rights, and anyone could be tried in official court. This document was created after the atrocities involving World War II and the Holocaust, in an attempt to stop events like genocide and ethnicRead MoreThe Declaration Of Human Rights Essay1809 Words   |  8 Pagesthe right to pass their nationality onto their children. The fact that Lebanon, one of the most progressive countries in the Middle East, and the one that most respects women’s rights, is one of the 27 countries in the world that deny women this specific right is ast ounding and hypocritical. While women in developed countries pass their nationality to their children with no issues what so ever, the women in Lebanon are denied this right which is a clear violation of the Universal Declaration of HumanRead MoreThe Declaration Of Human Rights1892 Words   |  8 PagesHuman rights are qualities that every human is entitled to, no matter their race, nationality, sexuality, place of residents, national or ethnic origin, skin colour, language or any other status. Everyone is equally entitled to these rights and should be afforded them in the absence of discrimination. These rights are indivisible and can be interdependent or interrelated. The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization that s purpose is to protect the rights of people from all aroundRead MoreThe, Universal Declaration Of Human Rights980 Words   |  4 Pagesto ensuring universal rights. In 1948, the â€Å"Universal Declaration of Human Rights† was adopted with the intention of protecting and ensuring human rights, which had become a prominent issue among the international community following the bloodiest war in human history. While the â€Å"Universal Declaration of Human Rights† was undoubtedly crafted with good intentions, many contradictions exist within it’s written word. A dilemma occurs when one realizes civil and political rights (including protectionRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1728 Words   |  7 Pagespeople. Culture can impede progress and leave women, minorities and other sub-sects of a society without the basic human rights that they deserve. Clinging too close to culture can be dangerous. The Foundations of a Universal Declaration The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was drafted shortly after the United Nations was established in 1945. The aim of the Declaration was to ensure that an atrocity such as the mass killings of Jews and other minorities in Nazi Germany would never happenRead MoreThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights1131 Words   |  5 PagesHuman rights are moral principles that set out specific standards of human behavior, and are normally ensured as lawful rights in both national and global law. They are acknowledged to be inalienable, since anybody is characteristically qualified for it essentially on the grounds that they are individuals. Whatever our nationality, sex, shade, religion, dialect, or ethnic source is, we are all just as qualified for our rights without separation or discrimination. All human rights are resolute andRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pages The Universal Declaration of Human rights was adopted in the UN gene ral assembly by the 10th December 1948. This is the first time that the world recognized that everyone had the right to enjoy freedom of speech, freedom of religion and freedom from fear and want, and many other rights. International human rights come along way; before there was no rights. The idea of having rights that led to the development of international human rights takes time. There are benchmarks developments in internationalRead MoreHuman Rights And The Declaration Of Independence942 Words   |  4 PagesWhen an individual is born, they are automatically given human rights. Human rights are rights that are entitled to every human regardless of sex, race, ethnic origin, or status. Within our Nation, the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were very important documents that changed how we lived. These documents were established on the foundation of human rights because of how essential every man was in the country. Human rights play a major role within our life but not everyone is aware

Juvenile Delinquency And Its Impact On Society - 1894 Words

Juvenile Delinquency has been a major issue challenging various law enforcement professionals and sociology researchers around the world. Acts of delinquency committed by the juvenile sector particularly disrupts the social order of an egalitarian society where individual freedom is a primary societal goal. The bringing up of juveniles on the right social path requires the effort of the overall society, local community, and the family. There have been many efforts made in the U.S. to control juvenile delinquency. Some of those efforts have been reactive while others have been proactive attempts to take in account the root cause of delinquent behavior. This proposal is a template of how societies need to approach the overall issue of juvenile delinquency via a better understanding of the underlying sociological and psychological issues involved. Keywords: Juvenile, delinquency, sociological, pyschological Introduction As the world in general changes, the socialization of young adults and minors is taking a different dimension. Lifestyles in the modern world are being dictated evermore by economic forces. Often the forces of poverty, poor upbringing, lack of role models, parental negligence, stress, depression and poor education systems drive a negative mindset in today’s young generations. There are also the usual conflicts, such as the desire to transition from the family structure to an independent, self-reliant young adult. The frustrations of not attainingShow MoreRelatedMoral Panics1609 Words   |  7 Pages (Length: 2 000 words) Societies tend to view the youth as the future and hope of a nation. To a certain extent, societies observe the behaviours and potential of the young people to ‘estimate’ the political and socio-economic future of a nation. When there is what societies view as a deviance from the norm when in it comes to young people – often there is what is viewed as a ‘moral panic’. I will be looking at the ‘moral panic’ of youth crime or juvenile delinquency, the role of its ‘moral entrepreneurs’Read MoreEnvironmental Factors Of Juvenile Delinquency988 Words   |  4 PagesKnowing this, what environmental factors cause juvenile delinquency? â€Å"Each year, approximately 1.5 million adolescents are arrested in the United States, most are repeat offenders, and, in 2008 one in eight violent crimes was attributed to juveniles† (Leverso, Bielby, Hoelter, 2015, p 1). Understanding the environmental causes of juvenile delinquency allows society to better protect children from becoming offenders. This then can reduce the number of juvenile delinquents in the United States. Key wordsRead MoreJuvenile Crime Paper1080 Words   |  5 PagesJuvenile Crime Paper Malina Wiese CJS/200 December 9,2012 Juvenile Crime Paper Juvenile Court is a tribunal having special authority to try and pass judgments for crimes committed by children or adolescents who have not attained the age of maturity, generally defined as persons under the age of 18 and above the age of 10. Adult Court is a court of law where adults can be tried, and if convicted, face adult punishment such as probation, adult prison, or even the death penalty. Juvenile casesRead MoreSocial And Social Learning Theory1553 Words   |  7 Pageslearned through associations with others who commit crimes. Juveniles are very impressionable or gullible, wherein they want to be popular or part of the in-crowd or clique. In comparison to the 1970’s versus today, juveniles are emulating criminals depicted on television not just through associations. Consider the current state of technology, specifically the internet and websites such as â€Å"You Tube.† With respect to crime and juvenile delinquents, You Tube is and can be a negative influence. InRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency and the Criminal Justice System1423 Words   |  6 PagesThere are so many issues facing our society today, especially in the criminal justice system. Within the criminal justice system, juvenile delinquency is an issue that I find the most overlooked and it is a problem that is growing, particularly in the poorer areas. The term juvenile delinquency refers to th e antisocial or criminal activity under the age of 18 which violates the law. Everyone is affected by juvenile crime, parents, teachers, families and neighbors. It is essential that programs areRead MoreJuvenile Crime And Juvenile Delinquency1322 Words   |  6 PagesVersion). Juvenile crime, in law, term denoting various offense committed by children or youth under the age of 18. U.S. official crime reported that in the mid-1900’s â€Å"about one-fifth of all persons arrested for crimes were under the age of 18† (Funk Wagnalls, 2014). Such acts are sometimes referred to as juvenile delinquency (Funk Wagnalls, 2014. Offering constructive programs reduces juvenile delinquency and reduces recidivism. â€Å"From the beginning, the principal consideration of the juvenile courtsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : The Common Poor Parenting, Socioeconomic Status And Peer Pressure Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile delinquency is one of the most complex, interesting and challenging phenomena in Trinidad and Tobago. In recent years there have been a high proportion of juvenile males being arrested and remanded at the nation’s youth facilities. In 2013, 106 young males were sent to the Youth Training Centre (YTC), for various offences, (Ministry of Justice, 2013). Among these, 25% were arrested for murder, 16% for possession of drugs, 14% for robbery, 3% for breaching of school rules and 6% were beyondRead MoreTheories of Juvenile Delinquency703 Words   |  3 PagesTheories of Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile delinquency is a threat to society and accordingly, the need to develop an understanding of the deviant behavior is of an utmost importance. There are several theories that explain delinquency and collectively, they provide a greater understanding for administrators and policy makers that are essential in developing programs and treatments that reduce juvenile delinquency and minimize its impact on our societies. This paper will discuss two prominent theoriesRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : Factors That Lead Youth1458 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile Delinquency: Factors that lead youth to delinquency It has long been a problem why some children steal, damage properties and not others. Many researches have been done to know the main factor that lead youth to delinquency, and it has been learned that there is no single path to delinquency. Although much of the research on factors that youth face has focused on predicting serious and violent offenses. Many people wonder about the factors that lead youth to commit delinquency. There areRead MoreThe General Strain Theory And Juvenile Delinquency1715 Words   |  7 Pagescriminal behaviors. The theory has been of importance in trying to map criminal patterns among individuals involved in criminal behavior, thereby creating a platform for their rehabilitation. The general strain theory has had a close connection to juvenile delinquency, as it creates a platform where psychologists can define some of the key factors prompting teenagers and youths to engage in criminal behaviors. According to Zhang (2008), teenagers and youths tend to b ecome highly vulnerable to lack of emotional

Marketing Plan for Compost in Nepal Free Essays

string(139) " as well are free from different taxes helping us to operate at optimal level bringing about profit which is to be reinvested in the same\." INTERNATIONAL AMERICAN UNIVERSITY PRESIDENTIAL BUSINESS SCHOOL Buddhanagar, Kathmandu A Report on Marketing Plan of Nepal Recycling Company Ltd. In partial fulfillment of the MBA IInd semester project submission requirement Submitted to : Submitted by : Mr. Sujan Raja ShresthaAshim Shrestha Lecturer, Marketing Management Gyanman Bade Niranjan P. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan for Compost in Nepal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bajracharya Sangeeta Ghale Shreya Joshi As on 21 March 20, 2013 Table of Contents I. Executive Summary A. Summary of situation analysis B. Summary of marketing objectives C. Summary of marketing strategies D. Budget summary II. Situation Analysis A. The Industry 1. History of the industry III. Executive Summary Summary of Situational Analysis In developed countries, the main motivations for waste reduction are frequently related to legislation, environmental protection, the scarcity of sites for landfills, and the risks associated with toxic materials. The same considerations apply in developing countries to large metropolitan areas that are subject to many economic and environmental pressures. Urban centres which do not have effective collection and disposal systems should not devote resources to developing waste reduction measures until adequate waste management systems are in place. For this, or other reasons, solid waste managers in developing countries tend to pay little attention to the issue of reducing organic wastes which make up from 50 per cent to 90 per cent of the total waste generated. Management of solid waste is a growing concern in Nepal as urban population densities increase and flat usable land is in short supply. Although small urban centres were declared to be municipalities2, they suffer from a lack of infrastructural and technical resources to tackle the problem of waste management. With increasing public awareness about good health and a clean environment, solid waste management has now come to the top of the priorities of the municipalities in Nepal. When the environmental impacts of proposed landfills are being investigated, it is often found that residents refuse to accept landfill sites near their homes and local leaders from various political parties are often involved in protests against proposed landfill locations. Though the Local Self Governance Act of 1999 has empowered municipalities to take every necessary action at the local level, the absence of elected representatives3 since 1998 has been causing difficulties in its implementation. Even though collection systems are still not in place, most of the municipalities are expressing their desire to develop final disposal systems. They are also promoting waste reduction, reuse and recycling among local communities. Some of the 58 municipalities in various parts of the country are providing effective house-to-house waste collection services and some are making good progress towards final disposal. For this review, communities and private sector service providers have been selected according to their present performance in waste reduction. Priority is given to those community-based organizations (CBOs) and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that are playing effective roles in waste reduction at source, collection, processing and recycling. Table 1 provides details of the regions and municipalities in Nepal. Where do we stand ? Nepal Recycling Company’s area of business will be to collect, recycle/compost, and market waste from municipality waste processing plants for use use as a consumer good. This recycled product will meet two critical needs: 1. It will help people to better manage their organic wastes. 2. It will give municipalities a feasible and cost effective alternative to landfilling the waste, and 3. It will help meet the growing demand for organic soil enhancers and fertilizers. The material that will be recycled is human waste sludge. Our recycled waste will be targeted toward fertilizer manufacturers, nurseries, landscapers, farmers, government agencies, golf courses, and others. All of these potential customers will benefit from the compost’s numerous soil enhancing characteristics. Landfills are filling up and costs of disposal are rising. Also there are a lot of problem in managing human sludge. This is a unique and viable concept that addresses the needs of various customers and reaches an  untapped market with tremendous growth potential. One of the most attractive aspects is that the business is projected to attain a strong cash position and achieve profitability in the third year of operation. Due to a large need for these products and services, and a lack of direct competition, our projection of quick profitability is attainable. Research will be an ongoing process for the company; one particular area of interest is the possibility of qualifying the product as a fertilizer. In this case, the profitability of the product would nearly double A. Summary of marketing objectives Specific: Our goal of the company is to initially promote recycled product as for now â€Å"compost † to the customers bringing about awareness about the use of recycled product in focus the compost against the use of chemical fertilizers. We are to capture the market of the compost industry within the next two years by providing high quality organic composts at the rate lower or equal to the local rate but cheaper than the chemical fertilizers. We aim to sell our products to large segments : local farmers, industrial farmers, golf course and ultimately export the products. We aim at slow ascend in the profit curve rather than a rapid one. Measurable: We aim to take 20% of the market share within the first year and slowly increase to 30%. With the availability of input using human sludge and other organic waste, we are less in operating cost that merits us to sell our product at low cost. We are in collaboration with the government so we don’t have to incur any of the business taxes as the industry is currently targeted to social welfare with a little amount of profit. Achievable: We ensure to possess the latest recycling plant and quality assurance team in the industry. We also have the best marketing professionals to increase our sale. We currently are running our industry with the support of government assistance as well as different NGO working for the environment welfare, so we have sufficient funds as well are free from different taxes helping us to operate at optimal level bringing about profit which is to be reinvested in the same. You read "Marketing Plan for Compost in Nepal" in category "Papers" Also our customers, as Nepal being an agricultural country , we have easy customers. The only thing our marketing team has to do is to aware the customers about the use of compost and its advantages against the other chemical fertilizers. We are also in collaboration with government and other NGOs that are working for the environement and the development of the agriculture segment in the country. Summary of marketing strategies. Nepal Recycling company aims to provide composts to customers at a price far way cheaper than the chemical fertilizers being sold in the local market. Mission Nepal Recycling company’s mission is to provide the highest quality composts . WE exist to attract and maintain local farmers and agro-industrialist. When we attain the most of the market share, we tend to move towards profit maximization and go towards globalization of our product through brand. Marketing Objectives * Improve the local farmers perception on compost uses and its advantages * Increase the amount of compost market share in the country * Maintain a slow ascend profit margin * To educate the country about waste management and the advantages of organic wastes Target Markets * Local farmers * fertilizer manufacturers * nurseries * landscapers * government agencies * golf courses Marketing Mix Nepal Recycling Company is comprised of the following approaches to pricing. ,distribution, advertising and promotion and customer services. * Pricing : The cheapest high quality compost in comparison to other chemical fertilizers * Distribution: The products will be manufactured in the recycling plant while the selling will be done with the help of agriculture retailers and government aids. * Advertising and promotion: We will require advertisements , sales promotions and government references to local farmers through different agricultural banks and NGOS working for the welfare of the agriculture. Customer Service: The customer service in the context of our product will be to educate people different information regarding the use of composts against the chemical fertilizers . And also educate about different agriculture information II Situational Analysis The Recycling Industry 1. History Recycling has been a common practice for most of human history, with recorded ad vocates as far back as Plato in 400  BC. During periods when resources were scarce, archaeological studies of ancient waste dumps show less household waste (such as ash, broken tools and pottery)—implying more waste was being recycled in the absence of new material. In pre-industrial times, there is evidence of scrap bronze and other metals being collected in Europe and melted down for perpetual reuse. [4] In Britain dust and ash from wood and coal fires was collected by ‘dustmen’ and downcycled as a base material used in brick making. The main driver for these types of recycling was the economic advantage of obtaining recycled feedstock instead of acquiring virgin material, as well as a lack of public waste removal in ever more densely populated areas. In 1813, Benjamin Law developed the process of turning rags into ‘shoddy’ and ‘mungo’ wool in Batley, Yorkshire. This material combined recycled fibres with virgin wool. The West Yorkshire shoddy industry in towns such as Batley and Dewsbury, lasted from the early 19th century to at least 1914. Industrialization spurred demand for affordable materials; aside from rags, ferrous scrap metals were coveted as they were cheaper to acquire than was virgin ore. Railroads both purchased and sold scrap metal in the 19th century, and the growing steel and automobile industries purchased scrap in the early 20th century. Many secondary goods were collected, processed, and sold by peddlers who combed dumps, city streets, and went door to door looking for discarded machinery, pots, pans, and other sources of metal. By World War I, thousands of such peddlers roamed the streets of American cities, taking advantage of market forces to recycle post-consumer materials back into industrial production. [5] Beverage bottles were recycled with a refundable deposit at some drink manufacturers in Great Britain and Ireland around 1800, notably Schweppes. An official recycling system with refundable deposits was established in Sweden for bottles in 1884 and aluminium beverage cans in 1982, by law, leading to a recycling rate for beverage containers of 84–99 percent depending on type, and average use of a glass bottle is over 20 refills. (The above mentioned details are abstract from wikipedia. com ) Current Scenario Some people dump their organic wastes into farm so that they get some fertilizers for their agriculture. While the papers, plastics are burnt and metal scraps are stored. But people have started selling the papers ,glass , plastics and metal scraps to the people coming to house doors collecting for it. The so called â€Å"khaali sisi bottle wallas† pay a small amount for the wastes they take in. They collect wastes in huge quantity and are exported to India where they get recycled and new products are produced in turn and sold to Nepal again in expensive prices. As population is soring up in the urban areas with the amount of human sludge and other wastes such as papers, glass, plastics and metal scraps. As the area for land fills are being filled up and there are no more places . The human sludge is directly dumped into rivers and ponds. The organic wastes from homes are also located into nearby open places. The country has not moved towards the concept of recycling and very few companies are into the â€Å"Go Green â€Å" concept and use recycled products from other sources. Also there are small companies who collect waste materials such as paper, glass, plastics and metals , but are taken to India for recycling. The products are then distributed from India only. Growth Potential The potential for the growth of the recycling industry is very high and flexible. With the availability of waste materials as input, the industry can grow soon and the products as well can be sold easily as the nation is also moving towards â€Å"Go Green † concept. As products such as fertilizers are becoming very very expensive, the compost produced from the industry can be of a great use viz price and quality. As chemical fertilizers are also continuous depleting the soil quality, the organic fertilizer or compost can help the farmers into their productivity. So there is a great potential for growth. Also with the growing number of other industry such as plastic, glass(esp. bottlers companies, brewery and distillery ), metal industries, the availability of raw materials can reduce their operation cost and provide the people of Nepal with cheaper products and also help the economy of the country by exporting recycled products because the whole world is using recycled products. Nepal Recycling Company History Nepal Recycling Company was established in 2012 AD . Its aim is to help the country in rising the economy as well as the management of waste materials. It recycles waste materials and helps manage the wastes and puts the country to a cleaner environment. While producing recycled products, it can help boom country’s manufacturing industries roviding products in the form of raw matireials or finished goods. Scope of business There is a big scope of this business to bloom. The products for the company for now compost and recycled papers have a easily reachable market. It would take some years to capture the market for both the compost and the paper industry. Compost can be packed as a branded fertilizer and papers can be manufactured as high quality materials and sold in the same brand. The compost is readily required for every farmers so there is a huge probability for it to flourish in the market. While paper products markets can be made to the same organization from where the waste papers were brought from. Current state and growth The company so far is in its growth stage. It is trying to capture the market share providing the highest quality compost in the country. There is a scope for the company to grow to earn huge amount of profits and also establish itself as a brand product and also mark up as an international quality product. |Due to the growing concept of organic products, there is a huge amount of market sustainability . Profitability The company currently is operating at low profitability rate . Its capital has been gained from government funds and other donors. So, the main scope right now of the company is social awareness and to capture the market. However the company will focus on increasing the profitability within the next 4 years. Competenece in various areas Strengths Starting a business in the recycling industry proves to be a profitable business because the potentials still remain untapped and it is an evergreen niche. recycling itself is a broad niche and making substantial profits from a recycling business in a country like Nepal where waste management is a impossible thing. We have plenty of waste materials that can be used as input for our plants. The human sludge which at present is dumped directly into the rivers can be directed directly to our recycling plants. We can also charge money from the home consumers for taking in their organic wastes. The recycling business will prove profitable because there is a high demand for recycled products from manufacturing companies; who are looking to drive down production costs, since using recycled packaging materials is cheaper than acquiring new ones. Challenges * It is capital intensive – but can be started on a small scale. * High cost of recycling equipments and machines. * It takes massive amount of effort to gather waste local sites and other places. However, you can choose to outsource this process while concentrating on your core competence; which is recycling. SWOT Analysis Strengths| Weakness| 1. Low price2. Environment Friendly3. Low resource consumption4. Less garbage in the society| 1. Unavailability of Machinery2. Lack of Human expertise in recycling 3. People may not accept this product if we do not rightly market it. 4. lack of markets for collected materials5. lack of funding for recycling6. poor participation by residents in material collection. Opportunities| Threats| 1. Employment Opportunities2. Demand Supply Gap, creates a room for our business3. Purchasing power of the people will be increased so they will favour our products. | 1. Firms may react on this establishmentand may negatively affect ourprofitability and sustainability| Potential Marketing Problems The country has 90% of the population making up a living on agriculture. With increased demand and competition, people have started using their productivity using chemical fertilizers. Educating people on the use of organic fertilizers such as compost on the current scenario can be difficult. With people wanting more productivity, it can be a hefty task to make the people swift over to composts. With people into traditional farming, they have their own methods of organic composts and which is free of costs to them. Making them buy the same feature products with a price will take a heavy amount of risks. As well, the government is providing chemical fertilizers at very subsidized rate . The government itself can resist the sale of our product . How to cite Marketing Plan for Compost in Nepal, Papers

Thomas Jefferson Essays - Thomas Jefferson, , Term Papers

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson is remembered in history not only for the offices he held, but also for his belief in the natural rights of man as expressed in the Declaration of Independence and his faith in the people's ability to govern themselves. He left an impact on his times equaled by few others in American history. Born on April 13, 1743, Jefferson was the third child in the family and grew up with six sisters and one brother. Though he opposed slavery, his family had owned slaves. From his father and his environment he developed an interest in botany, geology, cartography, and North American exploration, and from his childhood teacher developed a love for Greek and Latin. In 1760, at the age of 16, Jefferson entered the College of William and Mary and studied under William Small and George Wythe. Through Small, he got his first views of the expansion of science and of the system of things in which we are placed. Through Small and Wythe, Jefferson became acquainted with Governor Francis Fauquier. After finishing college in 1762, Jefferson studied law with Wythe and noticed growing tension between America and Great Britain. Jefferson was admitted to the bar in 1767. He successfully practiced law until public service occupied most of his time. At his home in Shadwell, he designed and supervised the building of his home, Monticello, on a nearby hill. He was elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1769. Jefferson met Martha Wayles Skelton, a wealthy widow of 23, in 1770 and married her in 1772. They settled in Monticello and had one son and five daughters. Only two of his children, Martha and Mary, survived until maturity. Mrs. Martha Jefferson died in 1782, leaving Thomas to take care of his two remaining children. Though not very articulate, Jefferson proved to be an able writer of laws and resolutions he was very concise and straight to the point. Jefferson soon became a member in a group which opposed and took action in the disputes between Britain and the colonies. Together with other patriots, the group met in the Apollo Room of Williamsburg's famous Raleigh Tavern in 1769 and formed a nonimportation agreement against Britain, vowing not to pay import duties imposed by the Townshend Acts. After a period of calmness, problems faced the colonists again, forcing Jefferson to organize another nonimportation agreement and calling the colonies together to protest. He was chosen to represent Albermarle County at the First Virginia Convention, where delegates were elected to the First Continental Congress. He became ill and was unable to attend the meeting, but forwarded a message arguing that the British Parliament had no control over the colonies. He also mentioned the Saxons who had settled in England hundred of years before from Germany and how Parliament had no more right to govern the colonies than the Germans had to govern the English. Most Virginians saw this as too extreme, though. His views were printed in a pamphlet called A Summary of the Rights of British America (1774). Jefferson attended the Second Virginia Convention in 1775 and was chosen as one of the delegates to the Second Continental Congress, but before he left for Philadelphia, he was asked by the Virginia Assembly to reply to Lord North's message of peace, proposing that Parliament would not try to tax the settlers if they would tax themselves. Jefferson's "Reply to Lord North" was more moderate that the Summary View. Instead of agreeing with Lord North, Jefferson insisted that a government had been set up for the Americans and not for the British. The Declaration of Independence was primarily written by Jefferson in June 1776. Congress felt that the Declaration was too strong and gave Dickinson the responsibility of redrafting the document, but the new version included much of Jefferson's original text and ideas. In 1779, Jefferson became governor of Virginia, guiding Virginians through the final years of the Revolutionary War. As a member of the Second Continental Congress, he drafted a plan for decimal coinage and composed an ordinance for the Northwest Territory that formed the foundation for the Ordinance of 1787. In 1785, he became minister to France. Appointed secretary